Hindi
ヒンディー語 |
インド |
Population |
インドで180,000,000人 (1991 UBS).
全世界で 180,764,791人. インド民族人口: 363,839,000人 (1997 IMA). |
Region |
インド国内、バングラディシュ、ボツワナ、ドイツケニヤ、ニュージーワンド、フィリピン、シンガポール、南アフリカ、ウガンダ、イギリス、アメリカ、イエメン、ザンビアなど。 |
方言 |
ヒンディー語はサンスクリットの語彙を復活させて成立した。現代ヒンディー語はインド英語とも影響し合って変化を続けている。 de-Persianized, de-Arabicized. Literary Hindi, or Hindi-Urdu, has four varieties: Hindi (High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, Literary Hindi, Standard Hindi); Urdu; Dakhini; Rekhta. State language of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh. Languages and dialects in the Western Hindi group are Hindustani, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Kanauji, Bundeli; see separate entries. |
言語系統 |
インド・ヨーロッパ語族 インド・イラン語派 インド・アーリア語 ヒンディー語 |
言語使用 |
公用語 120,000,000人の第二言語話者 (1999 WA). |
Language development |
Devanagari script. Radio programs. Grammar. Bible: 1818–2000. |
参考 |
SOV. ヒンズー教 |
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Cat: mya:u, mya:u: |
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([a:] is long and nasalized, [:] indicates length) |
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Cow: mo:-mo: |
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([o:] is long and nasalized) |
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Crow: ka:w-ka:w |
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([a:] is long and nasalized) |
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Dog: bho:-bho: |
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([bh] is an aspirated bilabial stop, [o:] is long and nasalized) |
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Donkey: si:po:-si:po: |
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([o:] is long and nasalized) |
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Dove: guturgu:-guturgu: |
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([t] is a voiceless retroflex stop, [u:] is a nasalized long vowel) |
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Frog: me:ko:me:k-me:ko:me:k |
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Goat: me:-me: |
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([e:] is long and nasalized) |
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Horse: hin-hin-hin |
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Jackal: hukka:hua:-hukka:hua: |
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([a:] in the final syllable of both forms is long and nasalized) |
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Kite (bird): tiha:-tiha: |
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([t] is a voiceless retroflex stop, [a:] is a nasalized long vowel) |
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Mouse: chu:-chu: |
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([ch] is a voiceless unaspirated affricate, [u:] is long and nasalized) |
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Puppy: ku:-ku: |
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([u:] is long and nasalized) |
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Rooster: kukru:ku: |
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([u:] is long and nasalized) |
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Sheep: bhe:-bhe: |
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([e:] is long and nasalized) |
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Smaller birds: ti:-vi:-ti:-tut-tut |
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([t] represents a voiceless retroflex stop) |
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Snake: pho:- pho: |
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([ph] is a voiceless aspirated labial stop, [o:] is long and nasalized) |
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